Daha \u00f6nce S\u00f6m\u00fcrge Atlas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131da d\u00f6rt k\u0131tan\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemlerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 ve direni\u015fi payla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bu yaz\u0131da Avrupa devletlerinin Afrika\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik s\u00fcreci ve buna e\u015flik eden k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131n tarihsel, insan\u00ee ve ahl\u00e2k\u00ee boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 yine \u00f6zetle anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n
Kendini ayd\u0131n sayan Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin, karanl\u0131kta g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri halklara g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fckleri \u2018medeniyet \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019, ate\u015fin ta kendisiydi. K\u0131saca hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kara K\u0131ta\u2019n\u0131n \u0130\u015fitilmeyen \u00c7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Afrika\u2026 Bu topraklar, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n, dillerin ve rit\u00fcellerin be\u015fi\u011fiydi ama 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n h\u0131rs\u0131, bu zenginli\u011fi kanla ve zincirle \u00f6rtt\u00fc.<\/p>\n Avrupa, sanayi devriminin a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 doyurmak i\u00e7in yeni topraklar ar\u0131yordu. Afrika\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131n, kau\u00e7uk, fildi\u015fi, elmas ve insan g\u00fcc\u00fc, bu a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n hedefi h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n 1884\u201385 y\u0131llar\u0131nda toplanan Berlin Konferans\u0131, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n \u201cresm\u00ee payla\u015f\u0131m haritas\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u00e7izdi. K\u0131ta halklar\u0131 masada yoktu ama kaderleri orada belirlendi.<\/p>\n Bir k\u0131tay\u0131 payla\u015fmak, onu haritada par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rmak kadar kolayd\u0131 Avrupal\u0131lar i\u00e7in. Ancak bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar, halklar\u0131n ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131, kabilelerini ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan ikiye b\u00f6ld\u00fc. Sonras\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k bir k\u0131y\u0131md\u0131.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kongo\u2019daki Deh\u015fet: Kau\u00e7uk ve Kan<\/strong><\/p>\n Afrika\u2019daki en korkun\u00e7 \u00f6rnek, ku\u015fkusuz Bel\u00e7ika Kral\u0131 II. L\u00e9opold\u2019un Kongo Serbest Devleti ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi ki\u015fisel s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesiydi. L\u00e9opold, \u201cMedeniyet g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyorum\u201d<\/em> diyerek giri\u015fti\u011fi bu s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc asl\u0131nda vah\u015fi bir ekonomik ya\u011fma h\u00e2line getirdi. Kau\u00e7uk \u00fcretimini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yerli halk zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Kotalar\u0131 dolduramayan k\u00f6yl\u00fcler cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu, elleri kesilerek.<\/p>\n Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler, 1885\u20131908 aras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 milyon Kongolunun \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tahmin eder. Bu say\u0131, Afrika tarihinde de\u011fil, insanl\u0131k tarihinde bile tarifsiz bir utan\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Bir misyonerin not defterinde \u015fu sat\u0131rlar yer al\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cEllerini getiriyorlar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o eller, patronun k\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyor.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n K\u0131ta Genelinde Toplu K\u0131y\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/p>\n Avrupal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin s\u00f6m\u00fcrge sistemi sadece Kongo\u2019ya has de\u011fildi. Almanya, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Namibya topraklar\u0131nda Herero ve Nama halklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik 1904\u20131908 aras\u0131 sistematik bir imha ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bu olay, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 olarak kabul edilir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 80.000 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc; kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar \u00e7\u00f6lde a\u00e7l\u0131ktan, susuzluktan can verdi.<\/p>\n Fransa, Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da a\u011f\u0131r angaryalarla milyonlarca insan\u0131 madenlerde ve pamuk tarlalar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Britanya, Kenya ve G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da ayaklananlar\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131rken k\u00f6yleri yak\u0131p toplama kamplar\u0131 kurdu.<\/p>\n Portekiz ve \u0130talya, Angola\u2019dan Etiyopya\u2019ya kadar olan b\u00f6lgelerde k\u00f6le ticaretini modernle\u015ftirerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Her bir \u00fclke kendi dilinde \u201cuygarl\u0131k g\u00f6t\u00fcrmekten\u201d s\u00f6z etti. Oysa ger\u00e7ekte olan, insan\u0131n insana yabanc\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n en kanl\u0131 bi\u00e7imiydi.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Esir Al\u0131nan Ruhlar<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik yaln\u0131zca insan bedenini de\u011fil, ruhunu da esir ald\u0131. Yerli diller yasakland\u0131, inan\u00e7 sistemleri \u201cilkel\u201d say\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7ocuklara Avrupal\u0131 isimler verildi. Afrika\u2019n\u0131n topraklar\u0131ndan madenler, ormanlar\u0131ndan fildi\u015fleri \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131; ama en a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131p, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haf\u0131zan\u0131n silinmesiydi. Misyoner okullar\u0131nda \u201cbeyaz olmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek\u201d, bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayatta kalma \u015fart\u0131yd\u0131. Kendi hik\u00e2yelerini unutmaya zorlanan ku\u015faklar yeti\u015fti.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n Afrika\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k dalgas\u0131, 1950\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131 ve 1960\u2019larda k\u0131tan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yay\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak siyasi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin ekonomik ve siyasi etkilerinin de sona erdi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmiyordu.<\/p>\n Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n cetvelle \u00e7izdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar, halklar\u0131 birbirine d\u00fc\u015fman etti; yapay devletler, i\u00e7 sava\u015flar\u0131n ve yoksullu\u011fun tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Afrika, h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlerle y\u00fczle\u015fiyor: do\u011fal kaynaklar h\u00e2l\u00e2 d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerce i\u015fletiliyor, bor\u00e7lar h\u00e2l\u00e2 ge\u00e7mi\u015fin zinciriyle ba\u011fl\u0131.<\/p>\n Ama t\u00fcm bunlara ra\u011fmen Afrika, \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. O \u015fark\u0131lar, y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, direncini anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Afrika\u2019da kurdu\u011fu \u201cmedeniyet\u201d, ger\u00e7ekte bir y\u0131k\u0131m uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Milyonlarca insan\u0131n can\u0131, bir avu\u00e7 \u00fclkenin zenginli\u011fi i\u00e7in feda edildi.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 r\u00fczg\u00e2rla dans eden a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde b\u00fcy\u00fcyor; o a\u011fa\u00e7lar, atalar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0131s\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u201cAlt\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131lar, ama kalplerimizi ayd\u0131nlatan g\u00fcne\u015fi alamad\u0131lar.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Bir k\u0131tay\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrmek, yaln\u0131zca toprak \u00e7almak de\u011fil, bir halk\u0131n gelece\u011fini \u00e7almakt\u0131r. Ve tarih, bu \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 ne kadar bast\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fs\u0131n, adalet er ya da ge\u00e7 yank\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130nsan, mazlumun sesini bast\u0131rabilir fakat Allah\u2019\u0131n adaleti ne unutkanl\u0131\u011fa ne de ihmale u\u011frar.<\/p>\n \u201cMazlumun duas\u0131ndan sak\u0131n. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun duas\u0131yla Allah aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir perde yoktur.\u201d<\/em> (Sahih Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Mez\u00e2lim)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Devam edecek\u2026<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Emel Elif Bayraktar<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Daha \u00f6nce S\u00f6m\u00fcrge Atlas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131da d\u00f6rt k\u0131tan\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemlerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 ve direni\u015fi payla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bu yaz\u0131da Avrupa devletlerinin Afrika\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik s\u00fcreci ve buna e\u015flik eden k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131n tarihsel, insan\u00ee ve ahl\u00e2k\u00ee boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 yine \u00f6zetle anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Kendini ayd\u0131n sayan Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin, karanl\u0131kta g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri halklara g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fckleri \u2018medeniyet \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019, ate\u015fin ta kendisiydi. K\u0131saca hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m\u2026 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17539,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"saved_in_kubio":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[145,312,151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dusunce","category-ekim-26","category-elifebayraktar","category-145","category-312","category-151","description-off"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t